Linux 7.3 Improves File Systems and Scheduling

What happened

On Sunday night, the new Linux kernel version 7.3 was released. The update focuses on better performance. It also improves how graphics memory is managed and how the scheduler (the part that decides which task gets processor time) works. Some old features were removed.

Graphics memory

Graphics memory, called VRAM, is limited. When several programs want it, newer or less important programs can be pushed into slower main memory (RAM). This can cause stuttering, especially in games and on weaker graphics cards. The new kernel code lets important programs get a guaranteed share of VRAM. If there is not enough free space, the kernel moves data from less important programs to RAM.

Key facts

• The change mainly helps drivers for AMD GPUs and Intel Xe graphics.
• It is aimed at systems with 8 GByte of VRAM or less.
• Linux 7.3 is only the first part of a bigger graphics memory update. More changes may come in later releases.

Scheduler upgrade

The scheduler is the part of the system that shares CPU time between tasks. The "Extensible Scheduler" (sched_ext) lets developers write their own scheduling rules using eBPF, without changing the kernel's source code. In Linux 7.3, sched_ext gets subschedulers. These let schedulers be arranged in layers, so each control group (cgroup, a group of processes) can follow its own CPU rules. Parent schedulers decide which CPU cores and functions their child schedulers may use. The release also adds a rescue mechanism for cases where resources are handed out incorrectly.

Why it matters

Faster and smoother graphics help gamers and people with weaker computers. Better control over CPU time lets server and desktop admins fine-tune how work is shared. Removing old code keeps the kernel simpler, though the article notes that some of these removals caused debate.